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MedTech Outlook | Thursday, February 21, 2019
Breast cancer chemotherapy uses drugs to target breast cancer cells and destroys them. These drugs are usually given through a needle or as a pill directly into a vein. Chemotherapy for breast cancer may increase the likelihood of a cure and reduce the risk of cancer returning. Also, it alleviates cancer symptoms as well as helps people with cancer to live longer with a better quality of life.
Chemotherapy may control breast cancer if cancer has recurred or spread to help patients live longer. Or it can help to relieve the symptoms of cancer. Breast cancer chemotherapy also carries a risk of side effects such as temporary and mild, other more serious or permanent effects. The primary objective of chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer is to improve quality and lifespan rather than cure the disease.
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In some case, chemotherapy is given after surgery for primary breast cancer to reduce the risk of future cancer. Also, before surgery, chemotherapy may also be provided as neoadjuvant therapy that helps to slow the growth of rapidly growing breast cancer. But under chemotherapy, not all tumors cringe. If expansion is resistant to neoadjuvant therapy, there may be a high risk of metastatic disease. That expansion will recover in other organs such as bones or lungs.
EPFL researchers have found that mammary tumors treated with chemotherapy produce small vesicles that can help them spread to other organs.
Working with initial models of expansion, researchers found that dual chemotherapy drugs often used in patients, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, satisfy mammalian tumors to recover small vesicles called exosomes. Exosomes contain a protein annex A6 under chemotherapy, which is not beneficial in exosomes expelled from untreated tumors. A blood exosome spreads after being discharged from a tumor treated with chemotherapy. When a lung is reached, an exosome recovers its content, including annex A6. This stimulates the recovery of a lung cell from another protein, CCL2, which attracts monocyte cells.
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The researchers found that the neutralization of annexin A6 or the blockage of monocytes during chemotherapy prevents the metastasizing of experimental mammary tumors to the lung. These results can help to improve neoadjuvant chemotherapy’s efficiency and safety.
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